Here, I have attempted to compute the demographic changes and forecast the likely scenario in higher education by estimating the future supply and demand gap in higher education.
Interesting variations across can also be seen. Bihar currently has Education policymakers and planners both at the Centre and the states have to take cognisance of the demographic trends and enrollment patterns across the states while planning and allocating budget.
For example, in Delhi, the change in higher education enrollment will be driven mainly by migration of youth from across India. In Tamil Nadu, enrollment trends will be driven primarily by an increase in GER rather than demographic change, whereas in Bihar, there is enormous scope for expansion both due to demographic change and enrollment rate increase.
Targeting specific GER addresses only the access issue, masking the larger question of structural reforms needed in higher education. What kind of institutions should the new generation of students be studying at? How do we ensure that these institutions meet adequate quality standards and train the students to meet the needs of the country? Post-Independence expansion in higher education in India mainly followed the pattern advocated by the colonial masters — opening up colleges of specialisations, and fragmenting teaching and research between colleges and research institutions rather than integrating them in universities.
Model of affiliating colleges has furthered the tradition of compartmentalisation of knowledge and has widened the gap between teaching and research. In a world where knowledge is becoming increasingly interconnected and traditional boundaries are being broken down, our educational system continues to emphasise the divisions. Taking note of this, the Yash Pal Committee Report in , stressed the need for creating teaching-cum-research universities, rather than colleges or institutions of specialisations.
It observed that current structure of specialised colleges and institutions affiliating to universities compromises quality and fundamentally impairs any interdisciplinary learning. It recommended creating a unified regulatory body for higher education called the National Commission for Higher Education and Research NCHER ; curricular reforms allowing mobility within a full range of curricular areas; and consolidation of colleges to form meta-universities 2 to meet the demand for both quantity and quality in higher education.
Although Kapil Sibal former Human Resource Development minister boldly promised to implement Yash Pal committee recommendations within days, it never saw the light of the day. The Subramanian committee, which gave its report on NEP last year, had little to say about structural reforms in higher education. It made no observations on the demographic scenario on higher education and completely ignored the core recommendations of Yash Pal committee report.
This blog originally appeared on Ideas for India. Comments will be held for moderation. Your email address will not be published. Click here to cancel reply. They find that while overall population growth is associated with lower economic growth, an increase in the working-age population is associated with higher growth.
They argue that higher birth rates hurt labour supply by preventing women from joining the labour force and increasing the number of children in the economy.
Rather than population growth, they suggest it is the growth of the working-age population that matters for economic growth. This presents a golden opportunity for economic growth. However, this growth will depend on those in the working-age population actually working. For India to harness the power of its favourable demographics, the authors argue it is critical that this is addressed.
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