He was sentenced to death but the penalty was later changed to transportation for fourteen years. He arrived in Sydney in February in the transport General Hewitt , and was followed in July by his wife Mary, whom he had married about , and three children in the Broxbornebury.
Greenway was apparently allowed much freedom after his arrival for he began private practice immediately, with an office at 84 George Street, Sydney, declaring that he was open to commissions of all kinds. He was self-confident, temperamental and quick to take offence, but his artistic abilities were great and he had a full command of the techniques of his profession.
Next year Governor Lachlan Macquarie called upon Greenway to report on the Rum Hospital then being built for the government. His criticism was devastating. The builders had to make costly alterations to the building and Greenway made the first of a long list of enemies who were to make his life difficult thereafter.
Greenway had been given a ticket-of-leave and during he occasionally advised the government on its public works. In March he was appointed civil architect and assistant engineer at a salary of 3s.
His first work for the government was the design of the lighthouse, known as the Macquarie Tower, on the south head of Port Jackson. The stonework of the building was finished in December and Macquarie was so pleased with it that he presented Greenway with conditional emancipation.
Next November the lighthouse was completed, though it was later pulled down and the present replica was built in When Greenway was called upon for a design for a new government house Macquarie left it entirely in his hands. He promptly designed a castle and began a stable block so grand that it was often mistaken for Government House itself.
However, Macquarie was already in trouble with the Colonial Office over his building programme, and when the new extravagance became known in London the secretary of state forbade the castle. In the meantime Greenway was busy with the design of many other buildings, several of which remain and, despite their mutilated condition, are considered valuable gems of Early Australian Colonial architecture.
By he had designed a large female factory at Parramatta and a large barracks and compound for male convicts in what is now Queen's Square, Sydney. Macquarie opened the barracks on 20 May with great ceremony and a special feast for the prisoners, and used the occasion to make Greenway's pardon absolute. In the s the building was restored and converted into a museum. The great compound has been destroyed and lost except for vestiges which show here and there, reminders of the wanton ruin of Greenway's one example of planning in the grand manner.
Later it suffered depressing alterations, but its large bulk of beautiful brick-work still compels admiration with its commanding position on rising ground overlooking the wide valley of the Hawkesbury River.
St Luke's Church, Liverpool, was begun in The collaboration of Greenway and Macquarie transformed Sydney from a penal colony into a civilised Georgian town. Through the extensive and diverse range of buildings he designed in the role, Greenway sought to improve urban planning and the quality of design and construction in the colony.
The role Greenway began in has endured for over years , with the position renamed Government Architect in Receiving a full pardon on the completion of the Hyde Park Barracks, Greenway could have freely chosen to leave the colony. Instead, he stayed, going into private practice. With a reputation for arrogance and conflict, he quickly fell out of favour with clients and the government before dying alone and penniless, at the age of See and do overview.
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